All About Protocol

1. What is a Protocol?

A protocol defines a blueprint of methods, properties, and other requirements for conforming types.

Syntax:

protocol ProtocolName {
    // Property requirements
    var propertyName: PropertyType { get set } // { get } for read-only
    
    // Method requirements
    func methodName(param: ParamType) -> ReturnType
}

2. Implementing Protocols

A type (class, struct, enum) conforms to a protocol by implementing all its requirements.

Example:

protocol Greetable {
    var message: String { get }
    func greet()
}

struct Person: Greetable {
    var message: String
    func greet() {
        print(message)
    }
}

let person = Person(message: "Hello, Protocol!")
person.greet() // Output: Hello, Protocol!

3. Property Requirements

Protocols can require properties to be implemented.

Syntax:

protocol Example {
    var readOnlyProperty: Int { get }
    var readWriteProperty: String { get set }
}

• Read-Only ({ get }): Only requires a getter.
• Read-Write ({ get set }): Requires both a getter and setter.

4. Method Requirements

Protocols define methods without implementation.

Syntax: