OOP Concepts

Niraj Paul (iOS developer over 10+ years)

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3 min read

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May 23, 2024

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1. Classes and Objects

• Class: A blueprint for creating objects. Defines properties and methods.
• Object: An instance of a class.

Class                  Object
   -----                  ------
   Vehicle       ------>  myCar: Vehicle
   - make                  - make: "Toyota"
   - model                 - model: "Camry"
   - year                  - year: 2021
   - getDetails()          - getDetails()

Swift Example:

class Vehicle {
    var make: String
    var model: String
    var year: Int

init(make: String, model: String, year: Int) {
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
    }
    func getDetails() -> String {
        return "\(year) \(make) \(model)"
    }
}
let myCar = Vehicle(make: "Toyota", model: "Camry", year: 2021)
print(myCar.getDetails()) // Output: 2021 Toyota Camry

2. Encapsulation

• Encapsulation: Bundling data (attributes) and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (class), and restricting direct access to some of the object’s components.

+---------------------------+
   |         Vehicle           |
   |  +---------------------+  |
   |  |  Private:           |  |
   |  |  - make             |  |
   |  |  - model            |  |
   |  |  - year             |  |
   |  +---------------------+  |
   |  |  Public:            |  |
   |  |  - getDetails()     |  |
   +---------------------------+